Women’s lacrosse team members at California State University, Fresno (Fresno State), have filed a sex discrimination class action against Fresno State for allegedly discriminating against female student-athletes and potential student-athletes in violation of Title IX of the Education Amendments of 1972.
The lawsuit, filed in the U.S. District Court for the Eastern District of California, charges the school and school officials with violating Title IX by depriving women of equal opportunities to participate, athletic financial aid, and treatment; eliminating the women’s lacrosse team at the end of this academic year; and treating the team far worse than any other varsity team in the meantime.
Title IX, a civil rights law, prohibits sex discrimination in all educational institutions that receive federal funds.
A motion for a preliminary injunction and a memorandum in support seek a court order preserving the women’s lacrosse team and requiring it to be treated equally with other varsity teams while the case proceeds.
On October 16, 2020, Fresno State announced it was eliminating its women’s lacrosse team (and its men’s tennis and wrestling teams) at the end of this academic year. When it did so, women were already receiving less than their fair share of opportunities to participate in varsity athletics at the school, according to the plaintiffs.
On December 3, 2020, Arthur Bryant, at Bailey Glasser’s Oakland office, sent a letter to now former Fresno State President Joseph I. Castro “explaining that the elimination of the women’s lacrosse team violated Title IX and requesting a dialogue about preserving the team and ensuring the school’s Title IX compliance,” according to the firm. Nearly three weeks later, Fresno State responded to Bryant with a “Final Letter” that said it saw “no reason” to “consider reinstating” the women’s lacrosse team, was “in compliance with Title IX,” and expressed no interest in talking, according to the firm.
Fresno State’s elimination of the women’s lacrosse team and ongoing gender discrimination are especially alarming because of the school’s long-term, nationally prominent reputation and record for violating Title IX, according to the firm. A February 12, 2016 article in the Fresno Bee reported that Fresno State had been under investigation by the U.S. Department of Education’s Office for Civil Rights (OCR) for violating Title IX since 1992, when Associate Athletic Director Diane Multinovich “blew the whistle on inequalities between men’s and women’s sports.” OCR found Fresno State in violation of 11 of 13 areas of treatment. The school “had to meet 45 conditions” and ended up being “under the nearly 25-year eye of federal Title IX investigators.”
During that time, gender discrimination in Fresno State’s athletics department was such a serious problem that a stunning number of women in the department had to file lawsuits against the school, which garnered major publicity and enormous verdicts and settlements. Women’s volleyball coach Linda Vivas charged the school with retaliating against her for advocating gender equity and won a $5.85 million jury verdict in July 2007, later reduced to $4.52 million.
Women’s basketball coach Stacy Johnson-Klein made a similar claim and won a $19.1 million jury verdict in December 2007, later reduced to $6.6 million. Associate Athletic Director Milutinovich also alleged she was retaliated against for advancing gender equity and won a $3.5 million settlement. Fresno State paid significant sums to settle claims brought by other women, too, including softball coach Margie Wright and track coach Ramona Pagel.
The 2016 Fresno Bee article quoted Castro as saying the school would “be a national leader” in compliance with Title IX, but the elimination of the women’s lacrosse team shows otherwise.
As Bryant’s letter to Castro noted, Title IX prohibits educational institutions receiving federal funds from eliminating women’s teams for which interest, ability, and competition are available unless “intercollegiate level participation opportunities for male and female students are provided in numbers substantially proportionate to their respective enrollments.” Fresno State fails that test, according to the firm.
According to the most recent publicly available Equity in Athletics Disclosure Act data Fresno State submitted and verified to the U.S. Department of Education, in the 2018-2019 academic year, the school had an undergraduate population of 11,518 women and 7,828 men. So undergraduate enrollment was 59.54% women. The school’s intercollegiate athletic teams had 256 men and 323 women, or 55.79% women—creating a 3.75% gap between the women’s undergraduate enrollment rate and their intercollegiate athletic participation rate. Given the number of men on the varsity teams, Fresno State would have needed to add at least 54 women to its athletic program to be providing equitable participation opportunities for women. But Fresno State is eliminating opportunities for women, not adding them.
Based on that data, with the elimination of the teams announced on October 16, 2020, the school’s athletic participation numbers will drop to approximately 221 men and 295 women, or 57.17% women—which still leaves a 2.37% gap. Therefore, even with the announced team eliminations, Fresno State would need to add approximately 30 women to reach gender equity under Title IX. This is almost exactly the number of athletes on the women’s lacrosse team the school is eliminating.
In addition to Bryant, the women are represented by Bailey Glasser’s Cary Joshi, Joshua Hammack, Britney Littles, and Elliott McGraw in Washington, DC, Ben Hogan in Morgantown, WV, Sharon Iskra and Laura Babiak in Charleston, WV, and Nicole Ballante in St. Peterburg, FL, along with co-counsel Michael Caddell, Cynthia Chapman, and Amy Tabor of Caddell & Chapman in Houston, TX, and Monterey, CA.
The named defendants are Fresno State, Athletic Director Terrence Tumey, Past President Joseph Castro, and Interim President Dr. Saul Jimenez-Sandoval.
