When Actions Speak Louder Than Coaches: Imposing Liability on Contact-Sports Participants

By Kendra K. McGuire[1], Charles F. Gfeller[2], and Olivia C. Tawa[3] The Incident Football is a popular collision sport, with almost every play involving players pushing, clashing, and running into each other.  It is also a sport where emotions run hot, particularly when rival teams square off.  Despite football’s inherent violence, well-established rules of play specifically delineate both permitted and prohibited contact. A breach of these universal rules can impose civil