San Jose State University Volleyball Controversy: Legal Examination of Transgender Athlete Participation

Justin B. Kozubal, Ph.D. and Michael S. Carroll, Ph.D. Introduction: In 2024, a group of volleyball players filed a lawsuit in the U.S. District Court for the District of Colorado alleging that the inclusion of a transgender athlete on the San Jose State University (SJSU) women’s volleyball team violated the principles of fairness and the integrity of women’s sports. The plaintiffs, consisting of both SJSU volleyball team members and other current or former Mountain West players, sough